What Is It Like Living In A Home With Low Income Poverty

What is it like living in a home with low income? Poverty is the state of not having enough money to meet basic needs such as food, clothing, and shelter. What affects does it have on children? Children living in low income homes face more challenges than others. The have to endure the pain of not having family members at home when they need them. Children living in poverty have to cope with the stress of taking care of themselves as well as their siblings at times, while trying to maintain satisfactory grades in school. In this paper I will discuss the effect of poverty on a child’s social development, academic performance, and health conditions. Children who live in poverty have impaired social development throughout their entire life.†¦show more content†¦The children who live in poverty tend to do worse in school than other students. When they are in school and at home they are not concerned about what the teacher is teaching but about where their next meal is co ming from. They do not get the help they need at home because their parents are at work and they have to take care of their siblings. If the child has a learning disability they do not get the proper help or even know about it because they do not have the money to get someone who can teach the child how to perform well with this disability. . They will get placed in a classroom where instead of the teacher teaching them, they call them stupid and don t teach them anything. They also tend to hate the teacher because they are downgrading them.In the movie freedom writers it tells the story of a school who had a class just for underprivileged children. They hated the teacher when she came because they felt like she was just like they other teachers. When they saw that she actually cared they began to listen to what she was teaching. The schools they attend are low funded school. These schools underpaid teachers and make them feel like they don t have to teach to their full potential. They books the children receive are torn, have missing pages, and are so old they have outdated information. The health conditions the child has are very poor. Many people who live in poverty do not have a car and have to ride the bus to get to places. They do notShow MoreRelatedPoverty And Children : The Challenges That Welfare Workers Face1497 Words   |  6 Pages Poverty and children: the challenges that welfare workers face Hope Kriegel Paper Outline 8/7/16 Children in Poverty Approximately 15 million children in the United States are living below the federal poverty threshold. Research shows that families need an income of twice the amount of the federal poverty threshold (NCCP, 2014). Sadly 44% of children live in low-income families here in the United States. Poverty is the greatest threat to children’s well-being (NCCP, 2014). Public PoliciesRead MoreFamilies in Poverty1728 Words   |  7 PagesCurrently I am learning about families in poverty. In the first week of my class I learned that over 15% of the United States population is living in poverty (Bumpus). The United States has one of the highest poverty rates for being a developed country. Poverty can affect a family in so many ways for example financial stress, health problems, behavioral issues, and poor schooling or education. One of my main focuses is the poor schooling and education. I am currently an Elementary Education majorRead MorePoverty Affects Child Development And They Experience More Social Problems Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pagesurban areas is poverty. Children who live in poverty are impacted with many negative effects physically or mentally. Some of these issues related to poverty are substandard housing, inadequate nutrition and food insecurity, inadequate child care, lack of access to health care, unsafe neighborhoods, and unde r resourced schools. Studies show that â€Å"poverty affects child development and they experience more social problems† (Curley). According to the National Center for Children in Poverty, â€Å"nearly one-thirdRead MorePoverty in Our Own Backyard1677 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty in Our Own Backyard Poverty has many faces, it can be the sad face of a little girl that sits next to your child in class who doesn’t have enough money to buy lunch again, the woman with a haunted stare, standing next to you on the elevator who has an overdrawn bank account and the bank is threatening to foreclose, and it could even be the family of five that lives next door that doesn’t have enough money to put supper on the table again tonight. There is the pleading veteran dressed in dirtyRead MorePoor Living Conditions Essay976 Words   |  4 PagesIndia Belton Essay 2 English 1010 July 27, 2013 Professor Long Poor Living Conditions Affects Children While most people live their day to day life, there are some children living in poverty. Living in these types of living conditions can influence the mental health of a child. Children living in poor quality environments can be a lasting effect on their life. Adults are often affected by poor living conditions because of the financial strain on them; not being able to provide for their familiesRead MoreEssay on Poverty in Gwinnett County, Georgia1120 Words   |  5 Pagesonce said, Overcoming poverty is not a task of charity, it is an act of justice. Like Slavery and Apartheid, poverty is not natural. It is man-made and it can be overcome and eradicated by the actions of human beings. Sometimes it falls on a generation to be great. YOU can be that great generation. Let your greatness blossom† (Make Poverty History, 2005). Gwinnett county is third in the country when it comes to a high poverty rate, with 14% of the population living below poverty (Family Promise ofRead MoreRe search Question. . Through My Research I Have Found That1599 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion Through my research I have found that most suburbs do not have the proper infrastructure to help those in poverty. The amount of pre-existing resource centers is small in number and also spread out sparsely throughout the town unlike within a large city where resource facilities are higher in number and geographically concentrated within the core. In Oakville, low income housing is tucked away, further exacerbating the problem by keeping it hidden within the otherwise wealthy communityRead MoreHow to Overcome Child Poverty with Education Essay1552 Words   |  7 Pageschildren in the United States has the misfortune of living in a family whose income is below the official poverty threshold (Borman and Reimers 454). Poverty has harmful effects on a child’s academic outcomes, general health, development, and school readiness. The impact of poverty has on a child depends on many factors for instance community features ( crime rate in neighborhood and school characteristics) and the individuals present in the child’s life like their parents, neighbors, or relatives. It isRead MoreThe Lives Of Rural Poverty823 Words   |  4 PagesFamilies, especially children, who are living in rural poverty are by the very definition isolated from others. Not only are they isolated physically from their peers and resources they are also isolated from the research community. Their very existence is only recognized by those who happen to have direct contact with them: the few hundred people that live in their town, the 50 students in their school or the family members who reside under one-roof (which often is well above the â€Å"traditional† familyRead MoreWhat is child poverty, its causes and impacts? Essay1057 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿What is child poverty, its causes and impacts? The word poverty means being poor. This means luck of capital in both income and wealth. However they also suffer from education and good health. Families and groups in the population can be said to be in poverty. However people who are in poverty will have fewer opportunities like others and less chance to participate in the community. Therefore we help those children by fundraising, to transform UK’S more vulnerable children. There are certain people

The United States Has Progressed From A Rural, Agricultural

The United States has progressed from a rural, agricultural nation to an urbanized industrial one in just the last two centuries. Through this the transformation of the American lifestyles have changed drastically. Other countries focus on eating well, excercise, and taking enough time to eat and enjoying what they are eating. One lifestyle that many Americans have adapted to is the Western Diet, but today around the world the Western Diet is not viewed as the most nutritious or beneficial diet for humans. The nutritional patterns of high-fat and cholesterol, high protein, high sugar, and excessive salt intake, as well as the excessive consumption of processed fast foods has collectively defined the Western Diet. Even though this type of†¦show more content†¦Type two diabetes is preventable with the right kind of lifestyle, but if it is not prevented the only one to blame is the individual because it is self done. Obesity and type two diabetes are two ilnesses that are done to ones self through the acts of not eating a healthy stable diet and not exercising on a regular basis. If the United States did not promote so much processed foods the american families probably would not be in this epidemic. Unfortunaley, this epidemic is spreading worldwide, it will continue to have this domino effect if individuals are not more aware as to what they are eating. Khanna goes on to explain how when this type of diet is used in different parts of the world such as in Japan there becomes an apparent difference in their health. She notes that there is a decline in their health. She also states that â€Å"in the West, we have far too many additives in our foods, high fructose corn syrup, things we cannot even pronounce in our foods.According to the authors of the Harvard University of Public Health Web Team, Deane Eastwood, Christopher Ternan, and Jacob Yerdon, the Western diet plays one of the largest roles in obesity. Obesity has become a growing epidemic in every age group due to the toxic environments that have prevented many Americans from healthy living. We are constantly surrounded by processed foods, whether it be in schools or work areas, which makes it difficult for individuals toShow MoreRelatedTheu.s. De La Madrid Of Mexico Essay1882 Words   |  8 PagesMuch of the government’s efforts in addressing the challenges were placed on privatizing state industries and moving toward trade liberalization. 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The Great Depression affected almost everyone in the United States. People had to learn to live on less, and still enjoy life when they could. When the stock marketRead MoreAp Dbq 20071446 Words   |  6 Pagestime period 1870-1890. As railroads expanded, so did cattle ranching. In Document F it states, â€Å"An establishment in Chicago which combines the operations of ‘shipping’ and of ‘canning’ beef has a slaughtering capacity of 400,000 head annually. When we add to this the requirements of other similar although smaller concerns, and the large number shipped eastward on the hoof, we have a grand total of not far from 2,500,000 head marketed in the city of Chicago alone,† ex plains how the shipping of beefRead MoreExchanging Our Country Marks by Michael Gomez.1495 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious strands of the historical record in a stunning fusion that points the way to a definitive history of American Slavery. 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Software Process Free Essays

LARGE SCALE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT 1. What are the fundamental activities that are common to all software processes? a. Specification – defining what the system should do; b. We will write a custom essay sample on Software Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now Design and implementation – defining the organization of the system and implementing the system; c. Validation – checking that it does what the customer wants; d. Evolution – changing the system in response to changing customer needs. 2. List the 3 generic process models that are used in software engineering? ? Plan-driven model. Separate and distinct phases of specification and development. Specification, development and validation are interleaved. May be plan-driven or agile. ? The system is assembled from existing components. May be plan-driven or agile. 3. Why are iterations usually limited when the waterfall model is used? accommodating change after the process is underway. In principle, a phase has to be complete before moving onto the next phase. 4. What are the three benefits of incremental development, compared to the waterfall model? ? The amount of analysis and documentation that has to be redone is much less than is required with the waterfall model. Customers can comment on demonstrations of the software and see how much has been implemented. ? Customers are able to use and gain value from the software earlier than is possible with a waterfall process. 5. What are the development stages in reuse-based development? ? Component analysis; ? Requirements modification; ? System design with reuse; ? Development and integration. 6. What are the principal requirements engineering activities? ? Feasibility study †¢ Is it technically and financially feasible to build the system? Requirements elicitation and analysis †¢ What do the system stakeholders require or expect from the system? ? Requirements specification †¢ Defining the requirements in detail ? Requirements validation †¢ Checking the validity of the requirements 7. Why is it increasingly irrelevant to distinguish between software development and evolution? – Although there has been a demarcation between development and evolution (maintenance) this is increasingly irrelevant as fewer and fewer systems are completely new. . What are the advantages of using incremental development and delivery? 9. What are the 4 sectors in each loop in Boehm’s spiral model? Objective setting ? Specific objectives for the phase are identified. ? Risks are assessed and activities put in place to reduce the key risks. ? A development model for the system is chosen which can be any of the generic models. ? The project is reviewed and the next phase of the spiral is planned. 10. What are the six fundamental best practices in the RUP? Plan increments based on customer priorities and deliver highest priority increments first. ? Explicitly document customer requirements and keep track of changes to these requirements. ? Organize the system architecture as a set of reusable components. ? Use graphical UML models to present static and dynamic views of the software. ? Ensure that the software meet’s organizational quality standards. Manage soft ware changes using a change management system and configuration management tools. How to cite Software Process, Essays

Rhetorical Analysis of Schlossers Articles

Eric Schlosser, a well-known social critic devoted his three articles, namely â€Å"The Most Dangerous Job†, â€Å"what’s in the Meat† and â€Å"What We Eat† to the issues of the rapid growth of the fast food industry and its impact upon the American national mentality and life style. Using statistic data as weighty arguments for supporting his ideas and language means for appealing to the readers’ feelings, Schlosser presents the development of fast food industry as an important economical and sociological phenomenon.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis of Schlosser’s Articles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Exploring the impact of the fast food industry upon not only American economy, but also the national eating habits and even way of thinking, a social critic Eric Schlosser uses valuable statistic data as weighty arguments for supporting his ideas. Di scussing the economical impact of the growth of the fast food industry, Schlosser compares the amount of money Americans spend on this type of goods every year. â€Å"In 1970, Americans spent $ 6 billion on fast food; in 2001, they spent more than $ 110 billion† (Schlosser, What We Eat 491). Discussing the fast food meal as an integral element of American life style, the author notes that most people buy and eat fast food meals without paying much attention to the quality of these products and the way through which they get to the stores, restaurants and their dinner tables. Initiating the readers into the secrets of the fast food industry, Schlosser shows the reverse side of McDonaldization of America for the economy of the country. â€Å"Workers- about half of them women, almost all of them young and Latino – slice meat with long slender knives† (Schlosser, The Most Dangerous Job 170). Discussing the hazards of this hard and dangerous job that is acceptable fo r illegal immigrants only, the author points at the real cost of a hamburger and a hot dog. According to Schlosser, â€Å"every year about one out of three meatpacking workers in the country – roughly forty-three thousand men and women – suffer an injury or a work-related illness that requires medical attention beyond first aid† (The Most Dangerous Job 172). Moreover, the author claims that there are thousands of cases which remain unregistered. Another important aspect on which Schlosser sheds light is the risk of food contamination. The author draws the readers’ attention to the risks of eating the fast food product. â€Å"Every day in the United States, roughly 200, 000 people are sickened by a foodborne disease, 900 are hospitalized, and fourteen die† (Schlosser, What’s in the Meat 195).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Providing dat a on the amount of bacteria and bugs which can be found in products due to the violation of the meatpacking norms, the author raises the question on the quality of fast food meals and the related hazards for the people’s health. As it can be seen from the above-mentioned examples, the statistic data make Schlosser’s argumentation much more persuasive. Along with statistical data, Schlosser uses expressive language means and images for appealing to the readers’ feelings and emotions. For example, describing the daily job of an average meatpacking worker, the author goes into details for describing not only hazards of being injured and all the difficulties of routine and monotonous work, but also the disgust at working with the animals’ flesh. â€Å"For eight and a half hours, a worker called a ‘sticker’ does nothing but stand in a river of blood, being drenched in blood † (Schlosser, The Most Dangerous Job 171). The pictures of the bloo d floor, knives and meat affect the readers’ perception of the process and make them sympathize with the employees of the fast food industry and the killed animals. Not going to the extremes of the vegetarian ideas, the author explores the rate of the mass production by providing data on the amount of the killed cattle. Admitting that about 400 cattle are killed every hour at some plants, Schlosser creates an impressive picture of mass killing. Not going too far with explaining the economical and legal implications of the fast food industry rapid growth and the related risks and violations, the social critic chooses examples which are understandable for the wide audience. Schlosser appeals to the feelings of an average American citizen who is expected to reconsider his/her views on the fast food products after learning some details on the way these goods are produced and distributed. Shedding light upon the technical and legal aspects of the fast food industry which have been previously underestimated by most readers, Schlosser appeals to their feelings and affects their perception and attitude towards the fast food industry as an economical and sociological phenomenon. As a sociological critic and researcher, Schlosser obtains a broad view on the phenomenon of the growing fast food industry and its impact upon various dimensions of the community life. In his articles, the author does not limit his perspective to merely economical aspects of the issue, but considers the globalization and the corresponding shifts in the American mentality and public consciousness. In other words, Schlosser views fast food as an important industry and a significant concept affecting the American way of viewing the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis of Schlosser’s Articles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Schlosser, the level at which the fast food industry a ffects people’s consciousness is impressive. â€Å"A survey of American schoolchildren found that 96 percent could identify Ronald McDonald† (Schlosser, What We Eat 492). Second only to Santa Claus, Ronald McDonald has become a recognizable national symbol creating personal associations in millions of children and adults. Using the terms such as globalization and McDonaldization, the researcher demonstrates how deep the roots of these processes are. Discussing the ability of the fast food manufacturers to influence the government decisions in controlling the food quality, Schlosser shows their political power. â€Å"The meatpacking industry blocked the use of microbial testing in the federal meat inspection program† (Schlosser, What’s in the Meat 204). Thus, taking into account the role of fast food industry in the national economy and even policy making, it can be stated that in particular cases not the federal programs controlled the quality of the fast food production, but the fast food industry affected the policy making process and the regulations which could have impact upon the effectiveness of their procedures. Trying to influence the readers’ perception of fast food, the author views fast food from a sociological perspective and discusses the shifts in the public consciousness as the result of the rapid growth of the industry. Shedding light upon the variety of implications, which the growth of industry can play in forming the nation’s food preferences, cultural values and even life views, Schlosser goes beyond the accustomed pattern for discussing fast food industry as not only economical but also sociological phenomenon. In general, it can be stated that the style of Schlosser’s articles along with the statistic data and language means makes these works more persuasive and allows the author to affect the public perception of the fast food industry as an important sociological phenomenon. Works Cited S chlosser, Eric. â€Å"The Most Dangerous Job†. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. Ed. Schlosser, Eric. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2001. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Schlosser, Eric. â€Å"What We Eat†. Open Questions: Reading for Critical Thinking and Writing. Ed. Anderson, Chris, Runciman Alexander and Lex Runciman. Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2005. Print. Schlosser, Eric. â€Å"What’s in the Meat†. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. Ed. Schlosser, Eric. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2001. Print. This essay on Rhetorical Analysis of Schlosser’s Articles was written and submitted by user Sherlyn Mejia to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

British Airways Story

British Airways Story Background British Airways (BA), which is a multinational firm and holds a key position in the flight services industry has been thriving with the success of the organizational change process. There has been a continuous effort by BA administration to establish change within the organizational system (Cawsey et al., 2011, pp.17). The challenges are there, but BA leaders have stood firm to retreat these challenges as time has projected it to do so. This paper is going to produce a report on British Airways’ change process.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on British Airways Story specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More British Airways on Organizational Change According to the theoretical perspective, a cultural change is a transformational process. It is a process, which travels along with one organizational stage of experience to the next organizational state of knowledge (Myers et al., 2012). Organizations, which h ave gone through experiences, are successful to apply the concept of cultural change (Hellriegel Slocum, 2007). Hence, time (experience) itself is a replication of cultural change within organizations and their systems. According to Burke Litwin Model (1992), change is possible when the leadership is committed and highly skilled. It is possible when leadership have will, clear vision, and method to roll the change within the organization system (Falletta, 2008). High levels skills are required for leadership in projects, which involve revolutionary instead of evolutionary interventions to be made. No organization can accept change in a sudden manner as none of the organizational components can take sudden impositions. Hence, time and leadership are both critical factors to adjust for a change within the organizational system (Cameron, 2004). British Airways a leading multinational firm in the flight service industry that has gone through different phases of change and experiences. The organization has shown its strong presence in the market over last five decades or more (Bowhill, 2008, pp.324). There have been certain ups and downs, which BA has faced throughout its corporate history. Cultural change is a part of the BA’s system, which has been achieved through continuous struggles and efforts from its leadership (Bowhill, 2008). As literature projects, it was 1980 when British Airways recognized the need of change at the organizational level. It was the time when BA was facing serious business challenges and aimed to bring a complete change in order to stabilize its position in the competitive industry. These challenges were persistent and directly related to the continuity of the company (Burke, 2010, pp. 238-240).  There were many problems of rising fuel prices, high competition, low financial performance, low efficiency, and low profit projections, which actually turned down the airline’s business in the 1980s.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This demanded a cultural change within British Airways’ system as it had an organizational culture that derailed the company’s performance, and it was this culture which bottlenecked new modifications (privatization) of the system. Hence, as old trends and culture hindered the performance of British Airways, the leadership started to rethink and redo things in the same period (Burke, 2010). This was the starting stage of the cultural change as the leadership became much concerned about the problem, and was highly engaged to revamp the BA system. From the theorists’ perspective, it has been noted that organizations start to change when there is a rethinking or reconsideration process going on. It starts off with the leadership as it is the leadership that takes the stand and has the authority to make powerful decisions (decisions of ch ange). The same was realized in the BA during 1980s, when the leadership was highly committed and well intended to adjust the organizational level of change â€Å"the cultural change†. This was the origin of cultural change within the BA system as there was a seed for change planted and actuated in the 1980s to make the organization change instinctive and progressive (Burke, 2010).  According to modern contemplations, rethinking itself is a sign of change within the organization system (Kotter, 1996). When enterprises start to realize their weaknesses and recognize their problems by themselves, it is this time that organizations begin with the change journey. This is the time when the organization expects change as it is in the profound stage of rethinking (Kotter, 1996). This rethinking stage is when the change process begins. Applying it to British Airways’ context, the rethinking process began in 1980 when the organization was in the cover of problems, and recogn ized that it should dissolve its old trends that had derailed the organization’s performance. The culture of relying on the governmental financial support, the centralized decision making, the military mentalities, and the rigid culture of organizational politics introduced the first state of BA change â€Å"the rethinking process†. This is how the culture change propelled within BA when the leadership started to contemplate and repent on their past mistakes (Burke, 2010).  It was the state of rethinking which actually extended the vision of BA leadership, and they started to put impressions on other business segments. According to Schein (2004), there are two things that are essential in the culture change process.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on British Airways Story specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first is the management of the organizational anxiety â€Å"human behaviours† and second the assessment of organizational potential to change. In 1980, BA leaders identified the organizational potential in the human element (Burke, 2010). They recognized that if humans are changed-improved, it could precisely change the overall system of the organization. This was firstly understood by BA leaders, and they kept the method of human behaviours management at the highest decision level. This was a part of the rethinking process as it was this process that identified people as potentials for BA leaders, which further led the management of the human activity in the organization (Burke, 2010). They tried their best to change mentalities and perceptions of people at both internal (employees) and external (customers) levels of the organization. This was how Marshall, CEO of BA, improvised the cultural change within the organizational system. He first sorted out intact segments in the system to initiate the process as they were easy and more flexible to accept the change p ractice (Bowhill, 2008). Engineering and Maintenance was the first segment which Marshall tried to adjust. It was the segment that was intact and remained highly influenced by the centralized system of leadership. Marshall thought that by changing people in the engineering wing would surely bring improvements in other sections like marketing or planning (Burke, 2010). So, it was this human behaviours management practice, which was the second salient feature of the BA’s culture change practice during 1980s (Hellriegel Slocum, 2007).  The policy of â€Å"putting people first† was another example of efficient human resource management by British Airways. This policy was another feature that administrated employees and prepared them to display the highest level of performance (Burke, 2010). It was the time of cultural change (1981-1990), when British Airways started to let go of the military mentality, which never wanted to see employees grow and flourish. The concepts of dedicated customer service and managing employees’ efficiently were implemented in the same period. These steps were taken to promote the notion of â€Å"putting people first†, and also to influence human behaviours at the highest level of consideration (Cameron, 2004). It was a stage wise approach adopted by the BA administrators to bring a cultural change within the system. It took time, but things got on well when BA stood on the change practice apprehensively (Cameron, 2004).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the striving period, BA was identified with problems in the leadership side. The military mentally in leadership and rules based on power and authority traditionalized the organization system. The employees and the managerial staff all were influenced from the centralized style of leadership in BA (Burke, 2010). This required a cultural change as from top to bottom all organization segments were under the impression, and required a revolutionary upstanding of the enterprise. Actually, those were the customs that brought the whole system under the influence. Before change employees had to confront rigid decisions from the leadership as the management was highly politicized, and it concentration was more on the authority, which actually divided the whole system of BA. The administration after 1980s rethinking stage signified its presence within the organization (Kotter, 1996). It recognized that once the old trends are wiped out then the organization will inevitably stabilize its p osition. The leaders started to focus on the cultural change first, and brought in parallel decisions to change existing customs. The mentality of just flying off planes and treating customers as luggage also hindered the new leadership style. It was the conservative mentality that actually stopped employees, workers, and managers to perform. This was the main hindrance that the new leadership faced in all functioning areas of British Airways (Bowhill, 2008). All areas of BA including maintenance, engineering, management, planning or operations were affected by rigid behaviours, culture, and norms imposed by previous military style of leadership. There was less motivation among employees which was recognized by the new leadership in the declining period of BA (1979). All of these were leading issues when the second leadership took charge in 1980s (Burke, 2010).  Among other humanly issues new leadership at BA also confronted coordination issues. There were relatively weak relation ships between bosses and subordinates, which affected the overall teamwork within the organization system. According to Schneider’s Study, the boss-subordinate relationship is particularly important for organizations. This relationship develops an interactive chain of command which is significantly among for building team work at the work place (Burke, 2010). The MPF program within BA change period was one resemblance of Schneider’s study as it endorsed the coordination feature among the managerial staff (Burke, 2010). The program developed trust between managers and employees, which further on eliminated organization politics within the BA system. It provided open chance to BA subordinates to learn from their managers and also an opportunity for managers to team up with their subordinates (Hellriegel Slocum, 2007). The MPF program took a time to adjust, but once team leadership got established things eventually came out positive for British Airways (Hellriegel Slocu m, 2007). In the striving change period, BA was brought with a couple of financial modifications (Burke, 2010). During the change period administrators reformed the financial and accounting system. They updated the activity by assuring annual reporting systems. This was to transform the slow reporting structure into quick annual reporting system. The accounting managers were told to release annual financial reports, which was for the clarity of stakeholders and investors’ bench. The financial reform took periods to get transformed, and it was one of the stagnant issues which leaders addressed at the time of change (Cameron, 2004). The struggle was continuous and took a lot of time to adjust change within the BA system, in which functional reform was part of the process (Burke, 2010). Change A Systematic Process According to the theorists’ perception, change is no way possible unless it emerges as a stage wise process. Organizations in the global scenario never change as quickly as they require time to adjust to the transformational process. This is a systematic process that alters all components of the organization over a long period of time. For this reason, theorists propose a three way model of the organizational change, which includes structural change, cultural change, and then human change (Porter et al., 1975). When organizations pass on with this three stage model they have a probable chance to achieve the organizational level of change. The first stage in this process is the structural change, which is achieved by making new quality reforms. Talking about British Airways, which was first a state owned firm failed to drive the structural change process. There was a lack of commitment, which brought a lack of deliverance in the organization system (Porter et al., 1975). Actually, the organization was not structurally prepared to satisfy its customers and even employees of BA. Hence, the first proposed stage to launch the change is the str uctural change, which is done by adjusting quality reforms instead of minute rigid reforms as sought in BA before the change (Burke, 2010). The quality reforms include powerful vision, high performance standards, deliverable constituencies, and sound communication systems, which further lead the change in other parts of the organization (Kotter, 1996).  The second level of change is the cultural change. Organizations that ignore the cultural change make a big mistake as this is the kind of change required to transform the whole system. There are different components of the organization including leadership, managers, and employees, which are part of the organizational culture (Cameron, 2004). It is culture that influences all components of the system. BA, which was at the fringe of conservativeness before 1980s, was unfortunate to revive its culture. There were trends of high complacency, disrupted direction, low motivation, and less determination that kept the organization at low performance levels (Burke, 2010). Cultural change is the second key feature of the organizational change. No organizations can transform unless and until they allow cultural reforms and modifications. Trends formed by cultures and cultures are manipulators for the organizational functions. To change functions it is necessary that cultures are tainted, and this is what directly fits in the case of BA an organization which has significantly strived to change its cultural policy. The last and third most important feature of change is the ‘peoples’ change’. The main reason for 1980s BA crises was its conservative style of leadership (Hellriegel Slocum, 2007). There was authoritarian rule, which lagged the performance of BA. The change needed efficient and effective human resource management, which mobilizes people from top to bottom in the organization. When people are managed and well engaged, there are high chances that the organization’s performance exce ls. This is the most decisive area and requires a persistent consideration from the organization’s administration (Hellriegel Slocum, 2007). According to John Kotter (The author of the book Leading Change), there are three main reasons of why enterprises fail to transform (Kotter, 1996). One of the reasons is the lack of vision by the leadership, which allows inspiring functions and actions necessary for change. The same was sought by the leaders at British Airways, which faced a lack of vision and determination by the leadership. Employees’ performance was low just because they could not find any moral support or boost from the leadership. There were low opportunities to grow because the vision of leadership was limited and not open to recognize and extract employee skill and talent (Kotter, 1996). Similarly, due to lack of vision (1970) BA confronted low synergy and fewer competencies at the operational level. John Kotter has also related lack of vision to low empl oyee engagement. Kotter in his book described that when the leadership has a lack of skill (vision), there are more chances of high complacency, which negatively affects the organizational system (Kotter, 1996). At British Airways, it has been seen that leaders remained reactive instead of being proactive, which raised complacency among its employees in the period of 1980s. Due to high complacency employees were not satisfied and enthusiastic to grow or perform. The carelessness in the attitude stained employees’ behaviour, their performance level, and also their commitment towards the BA system. For such reason, BA crew was just on flying airplanes on time and getting them to destinations on time and not more than that. This attitude was a major hindrance for the BA change, and also was against Kotter’s method of leading the change (Kotter, 1996). Humans’ Management-Importance for Change At the time of change, British Airways came up with a three way model appr oach. The model was based on managing human element of the organizational structure, and it was based on the philosophy of â€Å"managing people first† (MPF). Nick Georgiades (formal head of the human resources department) came up with a three leg stool approach to imply the philosophy of MPF (Burke, 2010). He proposed that if three legs of the stool are managed then the human element becomes the source of achieving the change (Cameron, 2004). Here is the discussion of three legs stool model proposed by former BA officer Nick Georgiades: Leg 1 The leg 1 of the approach dealt with strong communication in BA. It was the first basic component that was required in BA to adjust the organizational level of change. Georgiades proposed that when managers are without paranoia, and they have full confidence in their subordinates and teammates, change is possible. He further recommended that removing the gap between BA managers and employees will open up ways for change. Leg 1 implement ed the concept of managing people at earlier stage (Burke, 2010). Based on this model, BA projected employee-manager interaction as a necessity for integration in the organization system. Direct employee reporting and performance based appraisals were also implemented as part of the first leg of Georgiades’s stool. This was the starting phase when the human factor started to receive high value and encouragement, and it was an early sign of change within the enterprise (Cameron, 2004). Leg 2 Leg 2 dealt with the performance appraisal process. Nick Georgiades wanted to see his employees growing, and he identified performance appraisal to be one of the methods for increasing performance. Previously (before times of change), there were also performance appraisal programs in BA, but not aimed at raising employees motivation. By implementing leg 2, the performance appraisal systems got modified in the BA. The appraisals were made on two bases including evaluation of results generat ed by managers and methods used for achieving those results (Burke, 2010). This allowed evaluation of performance in a precise, effective and detailed manner, which eventually became a route to the BA’s change. Such modified performance appraisal systems introduced by Nick Georgiades became drivers to organizational change, and the system started to progress later on after Nick Georgiades left up (Kotter, 1996). Leg 3 With this leg, the model of Nick Georgiades was completed which fulfilled requirements of the BA’s organizational level of change. Leg 3 was all about compensations; it dealt with rewards according to the ranks attained by managers. In the organizational practice, it has been seen that when employees get justified rewards, they are more determined and motivated towards work (Burke, 2010). It is the organization’s successful compensation system that allows satisfactory employee rewards. This leg permitted clean rewards in BA to raise employeesâ€⠄¢ satisfaction and motivation (Kotter, 1996).  The three leg stool model was completed in BA, which was implemented by Nick Georgiades to raise the performance of employees. The model replicated the concept of managing people in BA, and also promoted consideration of the human factor at the highest organization level (Burke, 2010). The three leg stool was therefore, about human resource management, a route to embody the organizational level of change. This was a deliberate effort made by the former officer Nick Georgiades. The credit goes out to him as he recognized humans to be major carriers of change. He recognized that if complete change is opted then it is necessary that organizations should start with its employees. It is the same concept that Georgiades identified in the three leg stool model, which later on became a door for the organizational change in BA. Nick also clarified that if one leg of the stool gets damaged or removed then the entire stool will collapse. Hence , it is necessary that all legs are fixed, managed and adjusted to make way for the cultural change in BA (Burke, 2010).  In all of these projects, the human element played a decisive role in the BA organizational change. By managing humans and adjusting â€Å"MPF† concepts, BA was able to achieve change in a comprehensive manner (Cameron, 2004). The same is true from the theoretical point of view as organizations cannot stand or affirm change without invoking human attributes such as â€Å"determination, passion, and motivation† (Hellriegel Slocum, 2007). These are all human behavioural elements, which play a central role in conducting the organizational change. The same were sought after by few gentlemen in BA, a time when BA revamped, and leaders became prominent figures to manage people of the system. The trend followed and brought concepts of managing people first, which deliberately came out positive for overall BA’s system (Cameron, 2004). List of Refe rences Bowhill, B 2008, Business Planning and Control: Integrating Accounting, Strategy, and People. John Wiley Sons, San Francisco. Burke, W 2010, Organization Change: Theory and Practice, SAGE, Singapore. Cameron, K. 2004, A Process for Changing Organizational Culture. Research Report, Michael Driver, Ann Arbor. Cawsey, T, Deszca, G Ingols, C 2011, Organizational Change: An Action-Oriented Toolkit, SAGE, Singapore. Falletta, S 2008, Organizational Diagnostic Models A Review Synthesis, Leadersphere, Sacramento. Hellriegel, D Slocum, J 2007, Organizational Behaviour, Cengage Learning, Mason. Kotter, J 1996, Leading Change, Harvard Business Press, Boston. Myers, P, Hulks, S Wiggins, L 2012, Organizational Change: Perspectives on Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Porter, L, Lawler, E Hackman, J 1975, Behaviour in organizations, McGraw-Hill, New York.

Silicon Facts (Atomic Number 14 or Si)

Silicon Facts (Atomic Number 14 or Si) Silicon is a metalloid element with atomic number 14 and element symbol Si. In pure form, it is a brittle, hard solid with a blue-gray metallic luster. It is best known for its importance as a semiconductor. Fast Facts: Silicon Element Name: SiliconElement Symbol: SiAtomic Number: 14Appearance: Crystalline metallic solidGroup: Group 14 (Carbon Group)Period: Period 3Category: MetalloidDiscovery: Jà ¶ns Jacob Berzelius (1823) Silicon  Basic Facts Atomic Number: 14 Symbol: Si Atomic Weight: 28.0855 Discovery: Jons Jacob Berzelius 1824 (Sweden) Electron Configuration: [Ne]3s23p2 Word Origin: Latin: silicis, silex: flint Properties: The melting point of silicon is 1410 °C, boiling point is 2355 °C, specific gravity is 2.33 (25 °C), with a valence of 4. Crystalline silicon has a metallic grayish color. Silicon is relatively inert, but it is attacked by dilute alkali and by halogens. Silicon transmits over 95% of all infrared wavelengths (1.3-6.7 mm). Uses: Silicon is one of the most widely used elements. Silicon is important to plant and animal life. Diatoms extract silica from water to build their cell walls. Silica is found in plant ashes and in the human skeleton. Silicon is an important ingredient in steel. Silicon carbide is an important abrasive and is used in lasers to produce coherent light at 456.0 nm. Silicon doped with gallium, arsenic, boron, etc. is used to produce transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other important solid-state electronic devices. Silicone is a class of useful compounds made from silicon. Silicones range from liquids to hard solids and have many useful properties, including use as adhesives, sealants, and insulators. Sand and clay are used to make building materials. Silica is used to make glass, which has many useful mechanical, electrical, optical, and thermal properties. Sources: Silicon makes up 25.7% of the earths crust, by weight, making it the second most abundant element (exceeded by oxygen). Silicon is found in the sun and stars. It is a principal component of the class of meteorites known as aerolites. Silicon is also a component of tektites, a natural glass of uncertain origin. Silicon is not found free in nature. It commonly occurs as the oxide and silicates, including sand, quartz, amethyst, agate, flint, jasper, opal, and citrine. Silicate minerals include granite, hornblende, feldspar, mica, clay, and asbestos. Preparation: Silicon may be prepared by heating silica and carbon in an electric furnace, using carbon electrodes. Amorphous silicon may be prepared as a brown powder, which can then be melted or vaporized. The Czochralski process is used to produce single crystals of silicon for solid-state and semiconductor devices. Hyperpure silicon may be prepared by a vacuum float zone process and by thermal decompositions of ultra-pure trichlorosilane in an atmosphere of hydrogen. Element Classification: Semimetallic Isotopes: There are known isotopes of silicon ranging from Si-22 to Si-44. There are three stable isotopes: Al-28, Al-29, Al-30. Silicon Physical Data Density (g/cc): 2.33Melting Point (K): 1683Boiling Point (K): 2628Appearance: Amorphous form is brown powder; crystalline form has a grayAtomic Radius (pm): 132Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 12.1Covalent Radius (pm): 111Ionic Radius: 42 (4e) 271 (-4e)Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.703Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 50.6Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 383Debye Temperature (K): 625.00Pauling Negativity Number: 1.90First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 786.0Oxidation States: 4, -4Lattice Structure: DiagonalLattice Constant (Ã…): 5.430CAS Registry Number: 7440-21-3 Pure silicon has a shiny, metallic luster. Martin Konopka / EyeEm, Getty Images Silicon Trivia Silicon is the eighth most abundant element in the universe.Silicon crystals for electronics must have a purity of one billion atoms for every non-silicon atom (99.9999999% pure).The most common form of silicon in the Earths crust is silicon dioxide in the form of sand or quartz.Silicon, like water, expands as it changes from liquid to solid.Silicon oxide crystals in the form of quartz are piezoelectric. The resonance frequency of quartz is used in many precision timepieces. Sources Cutter, Elizabeth G. (1978). Plant Anatomy. Part 1 Cells and Tissues (2nd ed.). London: Edward Arnold. ISBN 0-7131-2639-6.Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-08-037941-9.Voronkov, M. G. (2007). Silicon era. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry. 80 (12): 2190. doi:10.1134/S1070427207120397Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.Zulehner, Werner; Neuer, Bernd; Rau, Gerhard, Silicon, Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, doi:10.1002/14356007.a23_721

Marketing Plan Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Plan Master - Case Study Example The electric motors based drive is suitable for low speed driving and hence is suitable for city roads while the petrol based drive is suitable for high speed rides on highways. The combustion engines charge the batteries during the ride and hence external charging is not required. Hybrid cars have been accepted by the customers because of the option of petrol based engine within the car although the cost is substantially high. However, fully electric cars (also called econocars) have not yet picked up markets because they cannot be driven at high speeds and the infrastructure supporting charging outlets is still not adequate. However, its market is expected to pickup substantially in light of latest technology innovations, tax savings, environment awareness programmes, and subsidization by government. This paper presents a marketing plan for econocar pertaining to the case study of Tomoco taking into account impacting factors like changing global dynamics in econocars, technology innovations, distribution networks, support networks (like charging outlets), grid capacity & availability, government support (subsidiaries, tax exemptions, value added services, local environmental laws, etc) and above all, change in user perceptions. The offer by Sandeep qualifies as social engineering attack on the employee of another organization to acquire confidential & commercially sensitive information of that organization which may be including their intellectual property rights (IPR). First & Foremost, this is an unethical gesture and hence no organization in this world should indulge into such activities. Secondly, if the organization (Ishimuru in this case study) files a lawsuit against the company indulging into the social engineering activity (Tomoco in this case study) as per the clauses against breach of confidentiality/trade secrets/Intellectual Property Rights as applicable in the legal system of the country, the global reputation of Tomoco would be at a serious stake whereby damages can be irreparable. Every country has own rules & regulations for protection of business secret information, trade secrets, commercially sensitive information & intellectual property rights of the companies operating within the political territory of the nation. Such information can only be disclosed against non-disclosure agreements (within the business contracts or else signed separately) that are enforceable within the jurisdiction where the agreements are being executed. Such agreements are not only signed with the suppliers or third parties but are also signed internally within the organization as a part of employment agreements with every employee and the articles of memorandum for the management & the board members. By invoking a social engineering attack on the employee of an organization to provoke him/her to divulge secrets, the